Speer did not act on the request until mid-January 1943. On 23 May, two weeks after the surrender of German forces, British troops arrested the members of the Flensburg Government and brought Nazi Germany to a formal end. [62], Speer was fted at the time, and in the post-war era, for performing an "armaments miracle" in which German war production dramatically increased. It became instrumental in exploiting slave labor for the benefit of the German war effort. [5], Following his release from Spandau, Speer donated the Chronicle, his personal diary, to the German Federal Archives. like so many other Germans his [94] After the plot Speer's rivals attacked some of his closest allies and his management system fell out of favor with radicals in the party. Discussions on the personalities of the Wehrmacht and of the organizations not covered in the other sections. Neither the organizers nor Rudolf Hess were willing to decide whether to approve the plans, and Hess sent Speer to Hitler's Munich apartment to seek his approval. [95], Losses of territory and a dramatic expansion of the Allied strategic bombing campaign caused the collapse of the German economy from late 1944. Figlio e nipote di architetti, Spee. Speer's Heidelberg school offered rugby football, unusual for Germany, skiing, and Speer was a participant. When the commission was completed, Speer returned to Mannheim and remained there as Hitler took office in January1933. [8] In 1924, when the crisis had abated, he transferred to the "much more reputable" Technical University of Munich. . Yet development and production would take at least two years. albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad [122] Speer's parents died while he was incarcerated. August 1, 2017. sort by. He had walked more than 30,000 kilometres (19,000mi), ending his sentence near Guadalajara, Mexico. He added a stone exterior that pleased Hitler. Among those who pledged support for his sentence to be commuted were Charles de Gaulle and US diplomat George Wildman Ball. In the summer of 1942 Paulus advanced toward Stalingrad with 250,000 men, 500 tanks, 7,000 guns and mortars, and 25,000 horses. Speer (Albert Speer's brother) and his life. [141] He found himself unable to re-establish a relationship with his children, even with his son Albert who had also become an architect. [61] By April 1942, Speer had persuaded Gring to create a three-member Central Planning Board within the Four Year Plan, which he used to obtain supreme authority over procurement and allocation of raw materials and scheduling of production in order to consolidate German war production in a single agency. Speer's mother asked Albert to do something to get Ernst out. [49] Martin Kitchen described Speer's often repeated line that he knew nothing of the "dreadful things" as hollowbecause not only was he fully aware of the fate of the Jews he was actively participating in their persecution. First Architect of the Third Reich. Das Cytoskelett; Vergleich Pflanzenzelle - Tierzelle: Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten; Vergleich der Eigenschaften von prokaryotischen und eukaryotischen Zellen Albert Speer ( 19. bezna 1905 Mannheim - 1. z 1981 Londn ), celm jmnem Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, byl hlavn architekt Adolfa Hitlera a pozdji ministr zbrojnho a vlenho prmyslu nacistickho Nmecka. This article is about the book. The program while advanced proved to be an impediment to the war economy. The public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich and a major war criminal became a popular figure almost overnight. Carefully measuring distance travelled each day, he mapped distances to the real-world geography. The film presents original videos from the Nazi Germany period and conversations with Speer, in which the great deception he tried to present at the Nuremberg trials and in his book is revealed.[6]. Beginning in 1948, Speer had the services of Toni Proost, a sympathetic Dutch orderly to smuggle mail and his writings. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (German: [pe] ( listen); March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for a part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. "[4] His brothers, Ernst and Hermann, bullied him throughout his childhood. Nazi armaments minister Albert Speer's younger brother Ernst was trapped in the Kessel, lying in a freezing stable without walls, gravely ill with jaundice. Werner Heisenberg told Speer "the scientific solution had already been found and that theoretically nothing stood in the way of building such a bomb." [104] During a meeting with Speer on 28/29 March, Hitler rescinded the decree and gave him authority over demolitions. Speer liked the scenario so much that he wrote it into his memoirs. The journalist had unwittingly collaborated in one of his myths. Speer was aided in shaping the works by Joachim Fest and Wolf Jobst Siedler from the publishing house Ullstein. [118] On 1 October 1946, he was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment. Germany's armaments production had already begun to result in increases under his predecessor, Todt. He lost yet more authority. There was no communication. The building was able to hold 340,000 people. "[1]:498507, In a 23 August 1970 review published in The New York Times, John Toland wrote that the book "is not only the most significant personal German account to come out of the war but the most revealing document on the Hitler phenomenon yet written. After August 1944, oil from the Romanian fields was no longer available. By Thomas Rogers 23 May 2017 Rereading Albert Speer's "Inside the Third Reich". [67] With Hitler's full agreement, he decided to prioritize tank production, and he was given unrivaled power to ensure success. [55] On 8 February 1942, Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions Fritz Todt died in a plane crash shortly after taking off from Hitler's eastern headquarters at Rastenburg. The existing Berlin railroad termini were to be dismantled, and two large new stations built. all Albert Speer wanted was to feel important. [1]:314320, Speer describes Wunderwaffen such as the Me 262 project, flying wing jet planes, a remote-controlled flying bomb, a rocket plane, a rocket missile based on infrared homing, designs for a four-motored jet bomber with the range to strike New York, and a torpedo based on sonar. The myth began to fall apart in the 1980s, when the armaments miracle was attributed to Nazi propaganda. The oldest brother turned into a thorn in his youger brother [158] Kitchen said he had deceived the Nuremberg Tribunal and post-war Germany. [99][169], Speer maintained at the Nuremberg trials and in his memoirs that he had no direct knowledge of the Holocaust. [83] His political rivals used the opportunity to undermine his authority and damage his reputation with Hitler. [101], By mid-March, Speer had accepted that Germany's economy would collapse within the next eight weeks. Sept. 21, 2017. Em 1946, ele foi julgado em Nuremberga e sentenciado a 20 anos de priso por sua participao no regime nazista, principalmente pelo uso de trabalho escravo nos campos de concentrao. Detailed plans were completed in July 1937 and the first shell of the new chancellery was complete on 1 January 1938. 1971. He remained so even after his release from imprisonment in 1966, despite their efforts to forge closer bonds. [174] Heinrich Breloer, discussing the construction of Auschwitz, said Speer was not just a cog in the workhe was the "terror itself". A scene from 'Rise of the Nazis' Photo: 72 Films. Speer's books were a success; the public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich. He maintained Hitler was cool towards him for the remainder of his life after learning they had included him on a list of potential ministers. [53] Speer's offices undertook building work for each branch of the military, and for the SS, using slave labor. He was credited with a dramatic increase in the shipment of arms that was widely reported as keeping Germany in the war. [99] In reality, he had sought to prolong the war until further resistance was impossible, thus contributing to the large number of deaths and the extensive destruction Germany suffered in the conflict's final months. He originally wanted to become a mathematician, but his father advised against the wish, suggesting that he would "lead a life without money, without a position, and . Hitler's cabinet was dismayed at his tactics, but, regardless, he was able to accumulate new responsibilities and more power. Albert Speer was the Nazi Party's chief architect, a close confidant of Adolf Hitler and the brains behind the Nazi military production machine. Hello. Sereny decided to complete the book alone . This led to a significant German Army failure at the Battle of Prokhorovka, a major turning point on the Eastern Front against the Soviet Red Army. The concrete cylinder, 14 metres (46ft) high, was used to measure ground subsidence as part of feasibility studies for a massive triumphal arch and other large structures planned within Hitler's post-war renewal project for the city of Berlin as the world capital Germania. [15] Instead, he revised his Spandau writings into two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich (in German, Erinnerungen, or Reminiscences[140]) and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. Speer asked Wolters to destroy the material he had omitted from his donation but Wolters refused and retained an original copy. Initially, the funds were used only to support Speer's family, but increasingly the money was used for other purposes. Before World War II, Speer helped propel the Nazi vision of grandeur and superiority. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (/ p r /; German: [pe] (); 19 March 1905 - 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II.A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison.. An architect by training, Speer joined the . The book was a worn, thick burgundy paperback, spine splintered in three parts, tiny print . This image dominated his historiography in the decades following the war, giving rise to the "Speer Myth": the perception of him as an apolitical technocrat responsible for revolutionizing the German war machine. [33] He was to report directly to Hitler, and was independent of both the mayor and the Gauleiter of Berlin. [38] The outbreak of World War II in 1939 led to the postponement, and later the abandonment, of these plans. Na Nrnberkom procesu preuzeo je moralnu odgovornost za svoja djela te je priznao ignorantnost po pitanju Holokausta. Albert Speer was a German architect famous for his time in the Nazi Party and for his close friendship with Adolf Hitler. Madonna Speaks Out Following Brother Anthony Ciccone's Death Thanking Him for His 'Important . [99] During January and February, Speer claimed that his ministry would deliver "decisive weapons" and a large increase in armaments production which would "bring about a dramatic change on the battlefield". A groundbreaking 26-part documentary series narrated by the actor Laurence Olivier about the deadliest conflict in history, World War II. The film began a process of demystification and critical reappraisal. happened. [73] Sauckel obtained new workers often using the most brutal methods. Albert Speer (1905-1981) was a trained architect. Land had been purchased by the end of 1934 and starting in March 1936 the first buildings were demolished to create space at Vostrae. Little remains of his personal architectural work. Speer was appalled by this order, and persuaded several key military and political leaders to ignore it. They paid for Toni Proost to go on holiday, and for bribes to those who might be able to secure Speer's release. [110] After Hitler's death, Speer offered his services to the so-called Flensburg Government, headed by Hitler's successor, Karl Dnitz. [66], As Minister of Armaments, Speer was responsible for supplying weapons to the army. Albert was active in sports, taking up skiing and mountaineering. I thought he was to be relieved quite early from the Kessel, from influence of Albert Speer. [47] Speer denied he knew they were being put on Holocaust trains and claimed that those displaced were, "Completely free and their families were still in their apartments". The Soviet Union, having demanded a death sentence at trial, was unwilling to entertain a reduced sentence. After his release on 1 October 1966, he used Federal Archive documents to rework the material into his autobiography. Fun facts: before fame, family life, popularity rankings, and more. Speer enthusiastically supported the program and in March 1942 made an order for A4 rockets, the predecessor of the world's first ballistic missile, the V-2 rocket. FRANKFURT Albert Speer Jr., an internationally prominent architect who sought throughout his life to distance himself from the dark legacy of his father, a member of Adolf . Speer returned to London in 1981 to participate in the BBC Newsnight programme. The house had a studio were Hitler (see Hitler parents) often came to draw his . His mother died in 1952. Those who feigned illness, slacked off, sabotaged production or tried to escape were denied food or sent to concentration camps. The book also shows a photograph from 1943, of . This ignored military realities, as the German armed forces were unable to match the Allies' firepower and were facing total defeat. For Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, AS+P completes the planning of the Ministry of Commerce and Investment (MCI). The journalist described an invented scenario in which Speer had refused Hitler's orders and Hitler had left with tears in his eyes. Speer was to be replaced by his subordinate, Karl-Otto Saur. Instead, development turned to a "uranium motor", for use in the navy's submarines. [7], Speer began his architectural studies at the University of Karlsruhe instead of a more highly acclaimed institution because the hyperinflation crisis of 1923 limited his parents' income. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Ernst Speer. His architectural skills made him increasingly prominent within the Party, and he became a member of Hitler's inner circle. [26], The image of the good Nazi was supported by numerous Speer myths. [18], The organizers of the 1933 Nuremberg Rally asked Speer to submit designs for the rally, bringing him into contact with Hitler for the first time. [86] On 1 August 1944, Speer merged the Fighter Staff into a newly formed Armament Staff committee. She married Prince Albert who was her cousin. body was never found or returned to the family and there are some I myself must carry this out. These centered on a three-mile-long grand boulevard running from north to south, which Speer called the Prachtstrasse, or Street of Magnificence;[35] he also referred to it as the "NorthSouth Axis". The task force was established by 1 March 1944, orders of Speer, with support from Erhard Milch of the Reich Aviation Ministry. Founded in 1999. [1]:506,699701. He has risen to the top of the . By the time Prisoner Number 5Albert Speerwalked out of Spandau Prison on 1 October 1966, he was known to the world as the "Good Nazi.". [64] Another factor that produced the boom in ammunition was the policy of allocating more coal to the steel industry. [30] Nuremberg was the site of many official Nazi buildings. It was used for Nazi propaganda rallies and can be seen in Leni Riefenstahl's propaganda film Triumph of the Will. He continued to deny explicit knowledge of, and responsibility for the Holocaust. He admitted only to being uncomfortable around Jews in the published version of the Spandau Diaries. "[4] Martin Kitchen's 2015 biography of Speer comes to much the same conclusion. Hitler appointed Speer, whose work for Goebbels had impressed him, to manage the building site for Troost. The relationship will always amaze. [5] Wolters and longtime Speer secretary Annemarie Kempf, while not permitted direct communication with Speer in Spandau, did what they could to help his family and carry out the requests Speer put in letters to his wifethe only written communication he was officially allowed. An architect by training, Speer joined the Nazi Party in 1931. by punktlich02 29 Oct 2009, 11:35, Return to The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section. Preuzeo je moralnu odgovornost za svoja djela te je priznao ignorantnost po pitanju Holokausta Hitler rescinded decree... Aviation Ministry to those who might be able to secure Speer 's family, but increasingly the was. 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