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Water Power Engineering by Dandekar and Sharma: A Comprehensive Guide to Hydro-Power
Water power engineering is an important sector of engineering that deals with the generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electricity from water resources. It is also a renewable and potentially sustainable source of energy that can contribute to the economic development, social welfare, and environmental protection of a country. However, water power engineering involves many complex and challenging aspects that require a thorough understanding of the principles, concepts, methods, and applications of hydrology, hydraulics, civil engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and environmental engineering.
If you are looking for a comprehensive book that covers all these aspects in a lucid manner, then you should consider reading Water Power Engineering by M.M. Dandekar and K.N. Sharma. This book is a revised and updated edition of the original book published in 2009. It provides a complete account of the subject from the fundamentals of hydrology to various hydraulic and civil structures to electrical and mechanical equipment as required for hydro-power projects. It also addresses many new issues and challenges voiced in the energy sector in general and water power in particular during the last decade. It includes recent innovations and developments in some areas like wave power, new technologies in hydraulic structures, mathematical models for rainfall-runoff analysis, structural components of tidal plants, etc. It also presents detailed studies on two major hydro-power projects in India, namely Sardar Sarovar and Tehri.
The book is meant for undergraduate and postgraduate students of civil and electrical engineering as well as for professionals interested in the subject. It is divided into six chapters, each covering a specific topic in water power engineering. The book also contains numerous figures, tables, examples, problems, references, appendices, and an index to facilitate learning and understanding. In this article, we will give you an overview of each chapter as well as provide you with a link to download the pdf version of the book.
Introduction
The first chapter introduces the subject of water power engineering by defining its scope, objectives, advantages, disadvantages, classification, history, development, potential, planning, design, construction, operation, maintenance, management, economics, financing, policies, regulations, and future prospects. It also explains the basic concepts of energy conversion, power generation, load factor, plant factor, capacity factor, efficiency factor, reliability factor, and availability factor. It also gives an overview of the main topics covered in the subsequent chapters.
To download the pdf version of this chapter,click here.
Fundamentals of Hydrology
The second chapter deals with the fundamentals of hydrology, which is the science that studies the distribution, movement, and quality of water on Earth. It covers the following topics: – Hydrological cycle and water balance: This section describes the continuous circulation of water between the atmosphere, land, and oceans. It also explains the concept of water balance, which is the accounting of the inputs, outputs, and storage of water in a given system. – Precipitation and evaporation: This section discusses the processes of precipitation and evaporation, which are the main sources and sinks of water in the hydrological cycle. It also covers the measurement, estimation, and analysis of precipitation and evaporation data. – Runoff and streamflow: This section deals with the generation and measurement of runoff, which is the part of precipitation that flows over the land surface or through the subsurface to reach a stream or a lake. It also covers the concepts of streamflow, which is the rate of water flow in a stream or a river, and hydrograph, which is a graphical representation of streamflow over time. – Floods and droughts: This section addresses the phenomena of floods and droughts, which are extreme events of high and low water availability respectively. It also covers the causes, effects, classification, frequency analysis, forecasting, and mitigation of floods and droughts. To download the pdf version of this chapter,click here.
Hydraulic and Civil Structures
The third chapter deals with the hydraulic and civil structures that are required for water power engineering. It covers the following topics: – Types of dams and their design criteria: This section describes the different types of dams that are used to store water for hydro-power generation, such as gravity dams, arch dams, buttress dams, earth dams, rockfill dams, etc. It also explains the design criteria for dams, such as stability, safety, economy, aesthetics, etc. – Sedimentation of reservoirs and rehabilitation of dams: This section discusses the problem of sedimentation of reservoirs, which is the accumulation of sediments in the reservoir due to erosion and transport by runoff. It also covers the methods of sediment control and removal, such as flushing, sluicing, dredging, etc. It also covers the rehabilitation of dams, which is the repair and maintenance of dams to ensure their structural integrity and functional efficiency. – Spillways and energy dissipators: This section deals with the spillways and energy dissipators that are used to release excess water from the reservoirs to prevent overtopping or failure of dams. It also covers the types, design, and operation of spillways and energy dissipators, such as ogee spillways, chute spillways, shaft spillways, flip bucket spillways, stilling basins, baffle blocks, etc. – Diversion works and canals: This section deals with the diversion works and canals that are used to divert water from a river or a reservoir to a hydro-power plant. It also covers the types, design, and operation of diversion works and canals, such as weirs, barrages, headworks, intakes, canals, flumes, aqueducts, siphons, etc. – Penstocks and surge tanks: This section deals with the penstocks and surge tanks that are used to convey water from a reservoir or a canal to a turbine under pressure. It also covers the types, design, and operation of penstocks and surge tanks, such as steel pipes, concrete pipes, wooden stave pipes, open channels, closed conduits, surge tanks, air vessels, etc.
To download the pdf version of this chapter,click here.
Electrical and Mechanical Equipment
The fourth chapter deals with the electrical and mechanical equipment that are required for water power engineering. It covers the following topics: – Types of turbines and their characteristics: This section describes the different types of turbines that are used to convert water energy into mechanical energy for hydro-power generation, such as impulse turbines, reaction turbines, Kaplan turbines, Francis turbines, Pelton turbines, etc. It also explains the characteristics of turbines such as specific speed, efficiency, power output, cavitation, governing, etc. – Generators and transformers: This section describes the generators and transformers that are used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy for hydro-power generation. It also explains the types and characteristics of generators and transformers such as synchronous generators, induction generators, excitation systems, voltage regulation, power factor correction, transformer ratings, cooling systems, etc. – Transmission lines and substations: This section describes the transmission lines and substations that are used to transmit electrical energy from hydro-power plants to load centers or grids. It also explains the types and characteristics of transmission lines and substations such as overhead lines, underground cables, AC lines, DC lines, voltage levels, line losses, corona effect, skin effect, power flow analysis, substation layout, switchgear, protection devices, etc. – Control and protection systems: This section describes the control and protection systems that are used to regulate and safeguard the operation of hydro-power plants and equipment. It also explains the types and characteristics of control and protection systems such as speed governors, voltage regulators, exciters, synchronizers, relays, circuit breakers, fuses, isolators, earthing systems, etc. To download the pdf version of this chapter,click here.
Special Topics in Water Power Engineering
The fifth chapter deals with some special topics in water power engineering that are of current interest and relevance. It covers the following topics: – Small-scale hydro-power plants: This section describes the concept and advantages of small-scale hydro-power plants, which are hydro-power plants with a capacity of less than 25 MW. It also covers the types and design of small-scale hydro-power plants, such as run-of-river plants, mini-hydro plants, micro-hydro plants, pico-hydro plants, etc. – Tidal power plants and wave power exploitation: This section describes the concept and potential of tidal power plants and wave power exploitation, which are methods of harnessing the energy of tides and waves for electricity generation. It also covers the types and design of tidal power plants and wave power devices, such as barrage-type plants, lagoon-type plants, tidal stream turbines, oscillating water columns, point absorbers, attenuators, etc. – Environmental impact of hydro-power and multi-purpose projects: This section discusses the environmental impact of hydro-power and multi-purpose projects, which are projects that serve more than one purpose such as irrigation, flood control, navigation, recreation, etc. It also covers the assessment and mitigation of environmental impact, such as ecological effects, social effects, cultural effects, resettlement issues, compensation measures, environmental management plans, etc. – Case studies of Sardar Sarovar and Tehri projects: This section presents detailed studies on two major hydro-power projects in India, namely Sardar Sarovar and Tehri. It covers the background, objectives, features, benefits, challenges, controversies, and outcomes of these projects. To download the pdf version of this chapter,click here.
Conclusion
The sixth chapter concludes the article by summarizing the main points of the previous chapters. It also highlights the benefits of reading the book by Dandekar and Sharma for students, professionals, and enthusiasts of water power engineering. It also provides some recommendations for further reading and learning on the subject.
To download the pdf version of this chapter,click here.
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions about water power engineering and the book by Dandekar and Sharma:
– Q: What is the difference between hydro-power and water power? – A: Hydro-power is a subset of water power that refers to the generation of electricity from water resources. Water power is a broader term that includes other forms of energy conversion from water resources, such as mechanical power, thermal power, chemical power, etc. – Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of water power engineering? – A: Some of the advantages of water power engineering are: – It is a renewable and potentially sustainable source of energy that does not emit greenhouse gases or pollutants. – It can provide base load or peak load power depending on the demand and availability of water resources. – It can offer multiple benefits such as irrigation, flood control, navigation, recreation, etc. – It can create employment opportunities and improve the socio-economic conditions of the regions where it is developed. – Some of the disadvantages of water power engineering are: – It requires high initial capital investment and long gestation period for project development and commissioning. – It can cause environmental and social impacts such as displacement of people, loss of biodiversity, alteration of river regimes, etc. – It can face technical and operational challenges such as sedimentation, cavitation, corrosion, maintenance, etc. – It can be affected by climatic variations and uncertainties that may affect the availability and reliability of water resources. – Q: What are the main challenges faced by water power engineering in the present scenario? – A: Some of the main challenges faced by water power engineering in the present scenario are: – Increasing demand for electricity and competing uses of water resources that may create conflicts among different stakeholders. – Limited availability of suitable sites for hydro-power development due to geographical, geological, hydrological, environmental, social, political, and economic constraints. – Lack – Lack of adequate financial and institutional support for water power engineering projects, especially in developing countries. – Rapid technological changes and innovations that may require constant upgradation and adaptation of water power engineering systems and equipment. – Increasing awareness and concern about the environmental and social impacts of water power engineering projects that may require more stringent regulations and compliance measures. – Q: How can I learn more about water power engineering and the book by Dandekar and Sharma? – A: If you want to learn more about water power engineering and the book by Dandekar and Sharma, you can do the following: – Visit the official website of the book here, where you can find more information about the authors, contents, features, reviews, and updates of the book. You can also download the pdf version of the book from this website. – Read the other books and publications by the authors, such as Water Resources Engineering, Water Resources Systems, Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, etc. You can find a list of their publications here. – Enroll in online courses or programs on water power engineering offered by various universities and institutions, such as this one by IIT Bombay, this one by IIT Roorkee, this one by NPTEL, etc. – Join online forums or communities of water power engineering enthusiasts, such as this one by HydroWorld, this one by International Hydropower Association, this one by Reddit, etc.
I hope you enjoyed reading this article and found it useful. If you have any questions or feedback, please feel free to leave a comment below. Thank you for your time and attention.
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